Water Quality Trends and Remote Sensing Model Development in Portuguese Reservoirs Using Sentinel-2 Imagery

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Lauriuchi, Geissielen A.; Guimarães, Catarina; Pace, Giorgio; Caballero, Gabriel R.; Sòria-Perpinyà, Xavier; Pompêo, Marcelo; Delegido, Jesús; Antunes, C. Sara, 2026, "Water Quality Trends and Remote Sensing Model Development in Portuguese Reservoirs Using Sentinel-2 Imagery", https://doi.org/10.34622/datarepositorium/TFICCJ, Repositório de Dados da Universidade do Minho, V1, UNF:6:IHBREBytzsq/qi+9E4o6+Q== [fileUNF]

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Description	This dataset contain data and scripts used in the analyses presented in the manuscript. The files are organised in the same sequence in which they were applied throughout the study, allowing the complete reproduction of the analytical workflow, from the statistical analysis of limnological data to the generation of spatial distribution maps using Sentinel-2 imagery. All statistical analyses were developed and executed using R version 4.5.2.
Subject	Earth and Environmental Sciences
Keyword	chlorophyll-a, Secchi depth, eutrophication, optical water quality
Related Publication	Lauriuchi, G.A., Guimarães, C. , Pace, G., Caballero, G.R., Sòria-Perpinyà, X. Pompêo, M., Delegido, J. and Antunes, S.C. (2026). Water Quality Trends and Remote Sensing Model Development in Portuguese Reservoirs Using Sentinel-2 Imagery. Water 2026, 18(13), 1650 doi: 10.3390/w18131650
Notes	This research was funded by national funds through FCT—Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia, I.P., and by the European Commission’s Recovery and Resilience Facility, within the scope of UID/04423/2025 (https://doi.org/10.54499/UID/04423/2025), UID/PRR/04423/2025 (https://doi.org/10.54499/UID/PRR/04423/2025), and LA/P/0101/2020 (https://doi.org/10.544 99/LA/P/0101/2020). This research was also funded by project “2Qua—Water Quality and Quantity, the challenge for the present and future” (ref. COMPETE2030-FEDER-0691700—https://doi.org/10 .54499/2023.17517.ICDT) which is supported by European funds, through COMPETE2030, and by national funds, through the Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT, Portugal). This study also had the support of FCT through the project LA/P/0069/2020 granted to the Associate Laboratory ARNET https://doi.org/10.54499/LA/P/0069/2020) by the “Contrato-Programa” UID/04050/2025 funded by FCT I.P. (https://doi.org/10.54499/UID/04050/2025). This study was financed in part by the Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior—Brasil (CAPES)—Finance Code 001.

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	1 to 10 of 16 Files	Original Format Archival Format (.tab)
	00_ReadMe_rev.txt Plain Text - 11.8 KB - Jul 17, 2026 - 1 Download MD5: a549b6fb256139ffb4fae62c827ba10e This file contains info for the spatiotemporal assessment and water quality modeling in two Portuguese reservoirs with contrasting trophic conditions: Alto Rabagão (Rb, oligo-mesotrophic system) and Aguieira (Ag, eutrophic system), covering the period from 2014 to 2024.	Download
	1_Alto_Rabagao_Analysis.txt Plain Text - 21.1 KB - Jul 17, 2026 - 0 Downloads MD5: e4eed436ea799e1dc394aa96d42bdab3 R script containing the descriptive statistical analysis, trend analysis (Mann-Kendall), and exploratory analyses performed for the Alto Rabagão Reservoir.	Download
	2_Aguieira_Analysis.txt Plain Text - 42.0 KB - Jul 17, 2026 - 0 Downloads MD5: 4dbbb4c8a631b5c2d333f7a126514cc8 R script containing the descriptive statistical analysis, trend analysis (Mann-Kendall), and exploratory analyses performed for the Aguieira Reservoir.	Download
	3_Combined_Analysis.txt Plain Text - 16.6 KB - Jul 17, 2026 - 0 Downloads MD5: 23af46c96e23b7e69690816fe8372b0f R script containing the combined analysis of both reservoirs, including comparative statistical analyses.	Download
	4_Final_model_CHL_A_RB.txt Plain Text - 1.4 KB - Jul 17, 2026 - 1 Download MD5: 760cb5e7c9342fcf78216c4871053f2c JavaScript Evalscript implementing the final Chlorophyll-a prediction model for the Alto Rabagão Reservoir. This script was developed to run in the Copernicus Browser, automatically generating spatial and temporal Chlorophyll-a maps from Sentinel-2 imagery.	Download
	5_Final_model_SD_RB.txt Plain Text - 1.5 KB - Jul 17, 2026 - 0 Downloads MD5: 6ae33273226b164336b051eedd4d667f JavaScript Evalscript implementing the final Secchi Disk depth prediction model for the Alto Rabagão Reservoir. Designed for execution in the Copernicus Browser to generate spatial and temporal water transparency maps from Sentinel-2 imagery.	Download
	7_Final_model_CHL_A_AG.txt Plain Text - 1.7 KB - Jul 17, 2026 - 0 Downloads MD5: bd58ac758b64dda4e1fa72ed2c751a3e JavaScript Evalscript implementing the final Chlorophyll-a prediction model for the Aguieira Reservoir. The script is intended for use within the Copernicus Browser to produce spatial and temporal Chlorophyll-a maps from Sentinel-2 imagery.	Download
	8_Final_model_SD_AG.txt Plain Text - 2.9 KB - Jul 17, 2026 - 0 Downloads MD5: 06a678900c6676e833bc2758d85012a8 JavaScript Evalscript implementing the final Secchi Disk depth prediction model for the Aguieira Reservoir. Developed for execution in the Copernicus Browser, enabling the generation of spatial and temporal water transparency maps from Sentinel-2 imagery.	Download
	Aguieira_Reservoir_Chlorophyll_Reflectance_Dataset.tab Tabular Data - 6.5 KB - Jul 17, 2026 - 0 Downloads 17 Variables, 81 Observations - UNF:6:1Rn+SCAhw8RH0dY0w6JApw== Dataset containing in situ Chlorophyll-a concentrations and corresponding Sentinel-2 surface reflectance values extracted for the Aguieira Reservoir.	View Data Original File Format (MS Excel Spreadsheet) Tab-Delimited RData Format Variable Metadata Data File Citation RIS EndNote XML BibTeX
	Aguieira_Reservoir_SecchiDepth_and_Sentinel2_L2A_Surface_Reflectance.tab Tabular Data - 5.6 KB - Jul 17, 2026 - 0 Downloads 17 Variables, 75 Observations - UNF:6:JF97TjcDXwOQHE17zo3Otg== Dataset containing Secchi Disk depth measurements and corresponding Sentinel-2 Level-2A surface reflectance values for the Aguieira Reservoir.	View Data Original File Format (MS Excel Spreadsheet) Tab-Delimited RData Format Variable Metadata Data File Citation RIS EndNote XML BibTeX

Citation Metadata

Dataset Persistent ID	doi:10.34622/datarepositorium/TFICCJ
Publication Date	2026-07-17
Title	Water Quality Trends and Remote Sensing Model Development in Portuguese Reservoirs Using Sentinel-2 Imagery
Author	Lauriuchi, Geissielen A. (Institute of Science and Technology of the São Paulo State University "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" (Unesp)) - ORCID: 0000-0002-5108-5572 Guimarães, Catarina (Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto) - ORCID: 0009-0009-4481-9046 Pace, Giorgio (Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology (CBMA)/Aquatic Research Network (ARNET) Associate Laboratory, Department of Biology, University of Minho) - ORCID: 0000-0003-4231-5644 Caballero, Gabriel R. (Image Processing Laboratory, Universitat de València) - ORCID: 0000-0003-2268-2674 Sòria-Perpinyà, Xavier (Image Processing Laboratory, Universitat de València) - ORCID: 0000-0001-8080-5826 Pompêo, Marcelo (Limnology Laboratory, Department of Ecology, Institute of Biosciences (IB), São Paulo University (USP)) - ORCID: 0000-0002-5632-9257 Delegido, Jesús (Image Processing Laboratory, Universitat de València) - ORCID: 0000-0002-2819-6979 Antunes, C. Sara (Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto. CIIMAR/CIMAR LA, Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto) - ORCID: 0000-0002-6686-9919
Contact	Use email button above to contact. Pace, Giorgio (Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology (CBMA)/Aquatic Research Network (ARNET) Associate Laboratory, Department of Biology, University of Minho) C. Antunes, Sara (Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto. CIIMAR/CIMAR LA, Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto. CIIMAR/CIMAR LA, Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto)
Description	This dataset contain data and scripts used in the analyses presented in the manuscript. The files are organised in the same sequence in which they were applied throughout the study, allowing the complete reproduction of the analytical workflow, from the statistical analysis of limnological data to the generation of spatial distribution maps using Sentinel-2 imagery. All statistical analyses were developed and executed using R version 4.5.2.
Subject	Earth and Environmental Sciences
Keyword	chlorophyll-a Secchi depth eutrophication optical water quality
Related Publication	Lauriuchi, G.A., Guimarães, C. , Pace, G., Caballero, G.R., Sòria-Perpinyà, X. Pompêo, M., Delegido, J. and Antunes, S.C. (2026). Water Quality Trends and Remote Sensing Model Development in Portuguese Reservoirs Using Sentinel-2 Imagery. Water 2026, 18(13), 1650 doi: 10.3390/w18131650 https://doi.org/10.3390/w18131650
Notes	This research was funded by national funds through FCT—Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia, I.P., and by the European Commission’s Recovery and Resilience Facility, within the scope of UID/04423/2025 (https://doi.org/10.54499/UID/04423/2025), UID/PRR/04423/2025 (https://doi.org/10.54499/UID/PRR/04423/2025), and LA/P/0101/2020 (https://doi.org/10.544 99/LA/P/0101/2020). This research was also funded by project “2Qua—Water Quality and Quantity, the challenge for the present and future” (ref. COMPETE2030-FEDER-0691700—https://doi.org/10 .54499/2023.17517.ICDT) which is supported by European funds, through COMPETE2030, and by national funds, through the Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT, Portugal). This study also had the support of FCT through the project LA/P/0069/2020 granted to the Associate Laboratory ARNET https://doi.org/10.54499/LA/P/0069/2020) by the “Contrato-Programa” UID/04050/2025 funded by FCT I.P. (https://doi.org/10.54499/UID/04050/2025). This study was financed in part by the Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior—Brasil (CAPES)—Finance Code 001.
Contributor	Project Leader : Antunes, Sara C.
Grant Information	FCT: https://doi.org/10.54499/2023.17517.ICDT
Depositor	Pace, Giorgio
Deposit Date	2026-07-03
Time Period Covered	Start: 2014 ; End: 2024
Kind of Data	in situ data; Earth Observation (EO) data form Copernicus Browser plataform (Sentinel-2 Level-2A)
Series	Concerning in situ data, APA/SNIRH monitoring program provided bimonthly measurements collected at the official monitoring stations between 2014 and 2024.Complementarily, the research group conducted seasonal field campaigns in 2023 and 2024, with four sampling surveys per year representing winter, spring, summer, and autumn conditions at the three sampling locations. Sentinel-2 Level-2A (surface reflectance) images were obtained from the Copernicus Browser platform. Image selection followed strict criteria, including a maximum temporal difference of ±3 days relative to in situ sampling dates, cloud cover below 30%, and the absence of visible atmospheric artifacts over the reservoir.
Software	R, Version: version 4.5.2 Copernicus Browser platform

Geospatial Metadata

Geographic Coverage	Portugal, Vila Real, Northern Portugal, Alto Rabagão (Rb) reservoir Portugal, Coimbra/Viseu, Central Portugal, Aguieira (Ag) reservoir

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