Replication Data for: The effects of fiscal policy management, candidacy of previous mayors, and illiteracy on mayoral reelection in Brazil (ICPSR doi:10.34622/datarepositorium/GWG4LZ)

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Part 1: Document Description
Part 2: Study Description
Part 3: Data Files Description
Part 4: Variable Description
Part 5: Other Study-Related Materials
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Document Description

Citation

Title:

Replication Data for: The effects of fiscal policy management, candidacy of previous mayors, and illiteracy on mayoral reelection in Brazil

Identification Number:

doi:10.34622/datarepositorium/GWG4LZ

Distributor:

Repositório de Dados da Universidade do Minho

Date of Distribution:

2024-06-04

Version:

1

Bibliographic Citation:

Veiga, Francisco J.; Veiga, Linda G.; Lautenschlage, Jonatan, 2024, "Replication Data for: The effects of fiscal policy management, candidacy of previous mayors, and illiteracy on mayoral reelection in Brazil", https://doi.org/10.34622/datarepositorium/GWG4LZ, Repositório de Dados da Universidade do Minho, V1, UNF:6:/tUoUw6wkNcEXfbABhYYaA== [fileUNF]

Study Description

Citation

Title:

Replication Data for: The effects of fiscal policy management, candidacy of previous mayors, and illiteracy on mayoral reelection in Brazil

Identification Number:

doi:10.34622/datarepositorium/GWG4LZ

Authoring Entity:

Veiga, Francisco J. (Universidade do Minho, NIPE)

Veiga, Linda G. (Universidade do Minho, NIPE)

Lautenschlage, Jonatan (Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina)

Date of Production:

2023-09-11

Software used in Production:

Stata

Grant Number:

UIDB/ECO/03182/2020

Distributor:

Repositório de Dados da Universidade do Minho

Access Authority:

Veiga, Francisco

Depositor:

Veiga, Francisco

Date of Deposit:

2024-06-04

Study Scope

Keywords:

Social Sciences, Brazil, Municipal finances, Local elections, Illiteracy

Topic Classification:

Elections, Local Finances

Abstract:

Panel dataset on election results, municipal finances, and several political, socioeconomic, and demographic variables for Brazilian municipalities, covering the local election years of 2008, 2012, 2016, and 2020. Data on electoral results, political parties, and personal characteristics of mayors were extracted from the electoral database of the Brazilian Superior Electoral Court (Tribunal Superior Eleitoral). Data on municipal expenditures were extracted from the database Finances of Brazil (FINBRA—Finanças do Brasil—Dados Contábeis dos Municípios) and further accounting data on municipalities was obtained from the National Secretary of Treasure (Secretaria do Tesouro Nacional). Data on municipal characteristics were extracted from the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística—IBGE). Data on TV and radio stations were extracted from the National Telecommunication Agency (Agência Nacional de Telecomunicações—ANATEL) and consumer price indices were obtained from the Getúlio Vargas Foundation (Fundação Getúlio Vargas—FGV). Since the article analyzes the determinants of the reelection of Brazilian mayors, the sample is restricted to the four local election years and to the municipalities whose incumbent mayors ran for reelection. Overall, we work with an unbalanced panel data set comprising at most 5114 municipalities in the election years of 2008, 2012, 2016, and 2020, with a maximum of 9491 observations.

Time Period:

2008-2020

Date of Collection:

2021-2023-09-11

Kind of Data:

Aggregate panel data for Brazilian municipalities

Notes:

The variable labels in the dta-file provide some description of each variable. See Table 1 and read Section 4 of the paper for a more complete description of the data used.

Methodology and Processing

Sources Statement

Data Sources:

Data on electoral results, political parties, and personal characteristics of mayors were extracted from the electoral database of the Brazilian Superior Electoral Court (Tribunal Superior Eleitoral). Data on municipal expenditures were extracted from the database Finances of Brazil (FINBRA—Finanças do Brasil—Dados Contábeis dos Municípios) and further accounting data on municipalities was obtained from the National Secretary of Treasure (Secretaria do Tesouro Nacional). Data on municipal characteristics were extracted from the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística—IBGE). Data on TV and radio stations were extracted from the National Telecommunication Agency (Agência Nacional de Telecomunicações—ANATEL) and consumer price indices were obtained from the Getúlio Vargas Foundation (Fundação Getúlio Vargas—FGV).

Data Access

Notes:

CC0 Waiver

Other Study Description Materials

Related Publications

Citation

Identification Number:

10.1111/ecpo.12290

Bibliographic Citation:

Lautenschlage, J., Veiga, L. G., & Veiga, F. J. (2024). The effects of fiscal policy management, candidacy of previous mayors, and illiteracy on mayoral reelection in Brazil. Economics & Politics, 1–37.

File Description--f3877

File: ECOPOL2024.tab

  • Number of cases: 10376

  • No. of variables per record: 38

  • Type of File: text/tab-separated-values

Notes:

UNF:6:/tUoUw6wkNcEXfbABhYYaA==

Variable Description

List of Variables:
  • Cod - Municipal code
  • Reelected - Dummy =1 if incumbent mayor is reelected
  • Radio - Dummy =1 if there is a radio broadcaster in the municipality
  • TV - Dummy =1 if there is a TV broadcaster in the municipality
  • Rivals - Previous term���limited mayor (=1 if running against the incumbent)
  • Vice - Vice-mayor (=1 if running against the incumbent)
  • Gov - Governor's party (=1 if mayor belongs to the state governor's party)
  • Pres - President's party (=1 if mayor belongs to the Brazilian president's party)
  • Year - Election year
  • Bolsa_Term - Bolsa Familia (hundreds of reais of 2020)
  • IncomeAv_Term - Average per capita income over the term
  • Creation_Term - Jobs created over the term diveded by population
  • RivInvestment_Term - Previous mayor - Investment (term average)
  • GINI_Term - GINI coefficient of the municipality
  • ECur_Term - Current expenditure (term average)
  • Investment_Term - Investment (term average)
  • Balance_Term - Budget balance (term average)
  • RivECur_Term - Previous mayor - Current expenditure (term average)
  • Balance_Dev_Rel - Budget balance in election year (% dev from previous 3 years)
  • RivInvestment_Dev_Rel_Non - Previous mayor - Investment in election year (% dev from previous 3 years)
  • RivECur_Dev_Rel_Non - Previous mayor - Current expenditure in election year
  • ECur_Dev_Rel_Non - Current expenditure in election year (% dev from previous 3 years)
  • Investment_Dev_Rel_Non - Investment in election year (% dev from previous 3 years)
  • RivInvestment_Dev_B_Rel_F2 - Previous mayor - Investment in pre-election year (% dev from previous 2 years)
  • Investment_Dev_B_Rel_F2 - Investment in pre���election year (% dev from previous 2 years)
  • Illiteracy - Illiteracy (% of iliterate population)
  • Margin - Margin of victory (% vote difference to main opponent in 1st round)
  • Female - Dummy for a female mayor
  • Urban - % of urban area in the municipality
  • Age - Mayor's age (in years)
  • Left - Dummy if mayor belongs to a left-wing party
  • Above65 - % of the population above 65 years old
  • vote_share_inc - Vote share of incumbent mayor (1st round)
  • varPop - % change in the municipal population over the term
  • Illiteracy_terciles - Terciles of Illiteracy
  • Illiteracy_quartiles - Quartiles of Illiteracy
  • Illiteracy_above_median - Dummy for illiteracy above its median
  • Illiteracy_below_median - Dummy for illiteracy equal to or below its median

Variables

Municipal code

f3877 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 3232907.4327294566; Valid 10376.0; Max. 5222302.0; Min. 1100023.0; StDev 989845.7125662237;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:ekU3iYLJ3IXuzh1e5eGE2g==

Dummy =1 if incumbent mayor is reelected

f3877 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 1.0; Valid 10376.0; StDev 0.49105911170976274; Mean 0.5942559753276777; Min. 0.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:kWZ9ockB4bk0EbvzkRkfbQ==

Dummy =1 if there is a radio broadcaster in the municipality

f3877 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 0.4596216435859391; Mean 0.3031033153431037; Min. 0.0; Valid 10376.0; Max. 1.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:ntPjTtTgyuOWLbmiOzlSlg==

Dummy =1 if there is a TV broadcaster in the municipality

f3877 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 0.0; Valid 10376.0; StDev 0.174713420055319; Mean 0.03151503469545036; Max. 1.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:5zZMeW6/QfiFXrrZhBsMkA==

Previous term���limited mayor (=1 if running against the incumbent)

f3877 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 0.0; Mean 0.2524094063222835; Max. 1.0; StDev 0.43441579824850035; Valid 10376.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:XafPaM/XBcQuNhzDl2XwrA==

Vice-mayor (=1 if running against the incumbent)

f3877 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 0.26670590016518103; Mean 0.0770640432098765; Min. 0.0; Max. 1.0; Valid 10368.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:rvqP+uABFCHek1TCE6JbHg==

Governor's party (=1 if mayor belongs to the state governor's party)

f3877 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 0.4001495482132289; Min. 0.0; Max. 1.0; Mean 0.20017372840459485; Valid 10361.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:9UvqK+RlTFJ58g4DlEm8Zw==

President's party (=1 if mayor belongs to the Brazilian president's party)

f3877 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 0.13010327188495285; StDev 0.33643325473818175; Max. 1.0; Valid 10361.0; Min. 0.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:mcFTMH7+0pQ15Fty+85LwA==

Election year

f3877 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 10376.0; Max. 2020.0; StDev 4.649227783675119; Mean 2013.9232845026986; Min. 2008.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:6EIw19nKJ5QT1d9zTqgMiA==

Bolsa Familia (hundreds of reais of 2020)

f3877 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 0.02243868075311184; Max. 12.234294891357422; Mean 2.153682873203344; Valid 10344.0; StDev 1.68687857509672

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:3g60Hi6LMrrvyrkWfQq+lQ==

Average per capita income over the term

f3877 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 19.229398958758296; StDev 5.008663602510347; Max. 81.7405776977539; Valid 10376.0; Min. 4.616369247436523

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:M+vcEvnpFruGDrzKHN2LJA==

Jobs created over the term diveded by population

f3877 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 10223.0; Min. -17.234804153442383; Max. 29.394065856933594; Mean 0.35693573312217136; StDev 1.3302716818688811;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:jajhV/6QEk8a7WycF6KohA==

Previous mayor - Investment (term average)

f3877 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 3.17749848756625; Valid 10284.0; Max. 86.58614349365234; Min. 0.0; Mean 3.252422288902414;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:Hap6JvGRu3GiSahI7rzkJA==

GINI coefficient of the municipality

f3877 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 0.06952565418238225; Mean 0.5145484772552043; Valid 10376.0; Min. 0.28; Max. 0.87

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:WWbkg8+oDFpzkmIapwviIg==

Current expenditure (term average)

f3877 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 7.073188304901123; StDev 14.715945423288959; Valid 10343.0; Mean 31.082899514726993; Max. 192.40695190429688

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:NcZbLexypxCR6q7Wz3bcHQ==

Investment (term average)

f3877 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 62.83869552612305; Min. 0.0; Mean 3.4663977799528616; StDev 3.0733549063811245; Valid 10342.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:mpN4uADy/0O2+I/hGuP1yg==

Budget balance (term average)

f3877 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. -133.24386596679688; Mean 3.086519702648934; StDev 9.179382753789865; Max. 707.1867065429688; Valid 10343.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:D93gqXsxmC8211Gter/VNQ==

Previous mayor - Current expenditure (term average)

f3877 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 4.381536483764648; Mean 26.84975112577556; Valid 10285.0; Max. 281.9754943847656; StDev 14.063335859341883;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:xhNYf293qudC8x4IMipQng==

Budget balance in election year (% dev from previous 3 years)

f3877 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 1200570.75; Mean 235.83834893751933; Min. -152018.828125; StDev 15577.48425884769; Valid 9827.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:gE/wWDA9uzmHHjOwJUCfGQ==

Previous mayor - Investment in election year (% dev from previous 3 years)

f3877 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 22.92372707020833; Min. -100.0; StDev 114.96210456247864; Max. 2486.480712890625; Valid 9282.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:lRInx7HQ4QmBr0ThYUxOhg==

Previous mayor - Current expenditure in election year

f3877 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. -100.0; Mean 4.13154709392206; Valid 9295.0; StDev 14.310839375483368; Max. 164.6038360595703;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:ZZLox+/Z9ZRHuHuXU4V64w==

Current expenditure in election year (% dev from previous 3 years)

f3877 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 202.36166381835938; Mean 6.409789906387093; StDev 13.735300691814034; Valid 9823.0; Min. -97.50959014892578;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:47J6+ibxuUJ2icoaQA0QJw==

Investment in election year (% dev from previous 3 years)

f3877 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 9806.0; Min. -100.0; Max. 3063.108642578125; Mean 52.518626697323995; StDev 114.4929754957329

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:MccDWYBmP71xQDy/HlqszA==

Previous mayor - Investment in pre-election year (% dev from previous 2 years)

f3877 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 66.8417701440847; Mean -11.429992890440108; Valid 9733.0; Max. 366.7697448730469; Min. -282.2364196777344

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:DFHQCVeQSLYVcm2GSELciw==

Investment in pre���election year (% dev from previous 2 years)

f3877 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 13.561461419605354; Valid 10054.0; Min. -227.04762268066406; Max. 374.319091796875; StDev 60.96791022412344;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:apeGMn4kD5VuGgQxIvsikA==

Illiteracy (% of iliterate population)

f3877 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 10.928945189658686; Mean 17.978044531573698; Min. 0.949999988079071; Max. 59.36000061035156; Valid 10376.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:20JUv/14cLL3ZNREY1QlQA==

Margin of victory (% vote difference to main opponent in 1st round)

f3877 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 15.878295578774154; StDev 18.418685290403594; Max. 100.0; Valid 10376.0; Min. 0.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:AgsaBcau7cCPp7jcmIR8aA==

Dummy for a female mayor

f3877 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 0.0; Max. 1.0; Mean 0.10630300693908952; StDev 0.3082398977085465; Valid 10376.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:7chHKWQM1hlQBE3Rlcs5fQ==

% of urban area in the municipality

f3877 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 0.0; Valid 10376.0; Max. 100.0; Mean 62.016053193719344; StDev 22.516188035423237;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:cayBJBJFBKblW0kWHJVZfw==

Mayor's age (in years)

f3877 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 10376.0; Max. 88.0; Mean 50.66210485736304; StDev 9.846999859317085; Min. 25.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:1KS6x7Ybd7Da+vzkDEt3RQ==

Dummy if mayor belongs to a left-wing party

f3877 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 1.0; Min. 0.0; Mean 0.09550886661526524; StDev 0.2939306881963065; Valid 10376.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:sGHOPvMqR7qRThF1+Hj5Kg==

% of the population above 65 years old

f3877 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 20.418848037719727; StDev 2.426902595189208; Mean 7.784854410401536; Min. 0.9788964986801147; Valid 10376.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:pjMrsrwWNP2cX8gXL2Ia6w==

Vote share of incumbent mayor (1st round)

f3877 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 0.0; Max. 100.0; Valid 8472.0; StDev 17.341137956235723; Mean 51.05963798616755;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:Jh6lbq8PMPn5sjpHRPB7Aw==

% change in the municipal population over the term

f3877 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 59.98640441894531; Mean 1.7094927230288228; Valid 9635.0; StDev 7.1962797704998875; Min. -29.59019660949707

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:t7EfPdrZm9SfHsbnx+HwFQ==

Terciles of Illiteracy

f3877 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 2.0; Valid 10376.0; Max. 3.0; Min. 1.0; StDev 0.8123148537893093

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:X8XRiAVvBWuERiwsiY597g==

Quartiles of Illiteracy

f3877 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 10376.0; Max. 4.0; Mean 2.5007710100231453; Min. 1.0; StDev 1.1177427266936544;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:P4ON0uRpAB+sUmhLdCv/lA==

Dummy for illiteracy above its median

f3877 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 10376.0; Mean 0.4997108712412966; Max. 1.0; Min. 0.0; StDev 0.5000240122054399;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:i+IJL9SBdlRvCc7u9R89Rw==

Dummy for illiteracy equal to or below its median

f3877 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 0.5002891287587033; StDev 0.5000240122054399; Min. 0.0; Valid 10376.0; Max. 1.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:kkCkYwpxoJrurT7Iw8hHBA==

Other Study-Related Materials

Label:

00_ReadMe.txt

Text:

Description of the dataset and files.

Notes:

text/plain

Other Study-Related Materials

Label:

replication_ECOPOL2024.do

Text:

Stata do-file with the code to replicate the tables and figures shown in the paper.

Notes:

application/x-stata-syntax